Winchester technology The name given to the design approach used in the IBM 3340 disk drive, which was introduced in 1973. 1996-2023 Ziff Davis, LLC., a Ziff Davis company. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples When hard drives became available for personal computers, they offered 5-megabyte capacity. Smaller diameter media came into usage during the 1970s and by the end of the decade standard form factors had been established for drives using nominally 8-inch media (e.g., Shugart SA1000) and nominally 5.25-inch media (e.g., Seagate ST-506). profiles, Storage HP 1.3-inch Kittyhawk, IBM 1-inch Microdrive, etc. Named after the 3030 Winchester rifle, as the original device would have had 3030 as its IBM number. Western Digital (first named General Digital Corporation) was founded in California in 1970. The word fixed is used because the drives are internal or in an enclosure thats not easily removed. Also in 1961, Bryant Computer Products introduced its 4000 series disk drives. The first removable hard drive was created in 1963. Source: Why is a floppy disk called floppy? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. "Winchester disk" . A track density of 300 tracks per inch and an access time of 25 milliseconds were achieved. Each generation of disk drives replaced larger, more sensitive and more cumbersome devices. [13] The name 'Winchester' and some derivatives are still common in some non-English speaking countries to generally refer to any hard disks (e.g. Engineers Jim Adkisson and Don Massaro were discussing the size with An Wang of Wang Laboratories. The author of this article Nigel Harley is a hard drive data recovery expert with a background in engineering. For more information on current editorial staff, please visit our About page. an IBM code name; the designation for a device containing two such disks was 3030 (each disk containing 30 megabytes), the same as the model number of a well-known Winchester rifle] This word is first recorded in the period 1970-75. The term Winchester comes from an early type of disk drive developed by IBM that had 30MB of fixed storage and 30MB of removable storage; so its inventors called it a Winchester in honor of its 30/30 rifle. 1974 - IBM 62GV Gulliver, introduced the Swinging Arm Actuator, adopted for all HDD in the 1980s. ahead of the pack IBM Marketing Brochure (May 1973), Mulvany, R. B. Engineering Design of a Disk Storage Facility with Data Modules. Webopedia resources cover technology definitions, educational guides, and software reviews that are accessible to all researchers regardless of technical background. [54]:Table 10 Today the three remaining firms all produce their units in the Pacific Rim. to medium Winchester sizes: 3(/2,5(/4,8,10(/2 and 14 inches. History of the Floppy Disk. A floppy disk or floppy diskette (sometimes casually referred to as a floppy or diskette) is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles from the spinning disk. It's called a micro Winchester drive, or rigid micro disk drive. Oliver Winchester buys control of New Haven Arms Company and changes name to the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. All Rights Reserved Future hard drives after the 3340 began to use this as a standard for hard drive development. In today's business world, managed services are more critical than ever. Model 1866 "Yellow Boy lever action introduced -- first gun to bear the Winchester name. The term Winchester comes from an early type of disk drive developed by IBM that had 30 MB of fixed storage and 30MB of removable storage; so its inventors called it a Winchester in honor of its 30/30 rifle. A Winchester disk is a Disk Stack. In 1998 Macintosh introduced its new computer, the IMAC, without a floppy disk drive. What is a Winchester disk? It was introduced in 1962 using the IBM 1316 disk pack to store two million characters. It was withdrawn in 1984. The Seagate company was founded in 1979 and IBM introduced its "Piccolo" drive, storing 64MB over eight disks. Since opening at the end of 2013, over 5,000 children have visited the Centre. It demonstrated a significant advance in technology, allowing an increase in recording density to 300 tracks per inch and 5600 bits per inch. What made this drive significant is the technique where the read/write heads would rise or lift off from the disk while the disk increased and lowered when the disk decelerated. Seagate also produced the first 5.25-inch hard drive in 1980. All Rights Reserved. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Also this year, IBM released the 3370 model, which was the first to use thin film heads. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. A disk pack is a layered grouping of hard disk platters (circular, rigid discs coated with a magnetic data storage surface). The term Winchester comes from an early type of disk drive developed by IBM that had 30MB of fixed storage and 30MB of removable storage; so its inventors called it a Winchester in honor of its 30/30 rifle. . In 1973, IBM introduced a new type of HDD code-named Winchester. Slim, trim, strong and easy handling, the 1892 chambered the same .32-20, .38-40 and .44-40 handgun calibers that Colt was offering in the Peacemaker, making the new design an instant success. 60 years on, the hard drives of today are unrecognizable from the first models, which took up an entire room. Policies obsolete product info (html 69 kb) . 80 half-pages The cost per megabyte of Winchester drives was 30 percent less than the cost of disk-pack drives of equivalent capacity. In 1971, IBM introduced the first "memory disk," better known today as the "floppy disk." Although USB external hard drives can be easily moved from the computer, these drives are still referred to as a fixed disk drive. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. These children deserve a space which is engaging and instructive, where they can feel a sense of adventure, exploration and surprise! Invented by IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart, the first disks were designed for loading microcodes into the controller of the Merlin (IBM 3330) disk pack file, a 100 MB storage device. 1983: The Apple Motorola 68000 Lisa with 1 megabyte RAM is launched. Kenneth E. Haughton, who led the 3340 development effort, is reported to have said: "If it's a 30-30, then it must be a Winchester. The Winchester technology allowed the head to land and take off from the disk media as the disk spun up and down. Memorex was the first company separate from IBM to produce an IBM-compatible disk drive in 1968. In the 1980s 8-inch drives used with some mid-range systems increased from a low of about 30MB in 1980, to a top-of-the-line 3GB in 1989.[17]. Other words that entered English at around . 5 Which is a better replacement for a floppy disk? Nigels other interests include mountain biking and photography. . IBM's 3340 Winchester disk system, introduced in 1973, was the first HDD to use a sealed head/disk assembly, which substantially improved performance and is now standard. [54]:Table 9 Japanese HDD companies later also moved their production to southeast Asia. In the early 1990s, the 3 -inch floppy disk was the most widely used removable storage system for personal . your Winchester disk if those that are preset do not meet your needs. In 1973, IBM introduced the IBM 3340 "Winchester" disk drive, the first significant commercial use of low mass and low load heads with lubricated platters. The Winchester disk file's low-cost head-slider structure made it feasible to use two heads per surface, cutting the stroke length in half. CP/M was created in the 1970s. Two years later in 1984, Apple released their new Macs with the 3.5-inch disk drives and in 1985 Atari adopted the new size. The Seagate company was founded in 1979 and IBM introduced its Piccolo drive, storing 64MB over eight disks. Hitachi developed and shipped the first 500GB drive in 2005, followed by the first terabyte-capacity drive in 2007. 1982 - At the West Coast Computer Faire, Davong Systems introduces its 5MB Winchester Disk Drive for the IBM PC, for US$2000. 10 Early 2010s. In 1961, the IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit was released, which utilized heads that floated on a thin layer of air. Just as the Japanese have invaded the semiconductor industry, so did they take away part of the drive . A type of disk storage device characterized by nonremovable or sealed disk packs; extremely narrow tracks; a lubricated surface that allows the head to rest on the surface during start and stop operations; and servomechanisms which utilize a magnetic pattern, recorded on the medium itself, to position the head. Magnetic Head Development specifications of key IBM models (Retrieved on 1.31.15 from: Harker, J., et. By the late 1980s, 3.5-inch disks were a hit and 5.25-inch disks were . FLOPPY DISK. The "30-30" storage capacities led to the Winchester nickname after the Winchester 30-30 rifle. In this video i power up the hard disk for the Paintbox, i wanted to listen to it myself as it apparently had a bad bearing.The drive is a Fujitsu M2294NU, 1. n. An early type of hard disk. In 1980, IBM produced the first gigabyte-capacity disk drive, the 3380. In 1970, IBM introduced the 2305 disk drive, with a head per track. The floppy disk was invented by IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart. Bellis, Mary. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Property of TechnologyAdvice. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Following a development effort that began in the summer of 1969, the IBM 3340 disk unit was introduced in March 1973 with an advanced disk technology known as "Winchester. > In 1973, IBM introduced the IBM 3340 "Winchester" disk drive, the first significant commercial use of low mass and low load heads with lubricated platters. Led by Control Data, Diablo Systems, CalComp and Memorex, the OEM segment reached $631 million in 1979, but still well below the $2.8 billion associated with captive production.[16]. HDDs continued to get smaller with the introduction of the 3.5-inch form factor by Rodime in 1983 and the 2.5-inch form factor by PrairieTek in 1988. The term Winchester comes from an early type of disk drive developed by IBM that had 30MB of fixed storage and 30MB of removable storage; so its inventors called it a Winchester in honor of its 30/30 rifle. product profiles, Models A2, B1 and B2 announced March 13, 1973, Models B1 and C2 withdrawn December 20, 1983. 2 pages The biggest surprise at Comdex/Fall'89 in removable Winchester disks came from Syquest with a 175MB disk. We used floppy disks and cassettes mostly as paper tape replacements, but we also appreciated and exploited the random access nature of disks. Another term for hard disk drive. One of the greatest repeating rifles of all time was introduced to an appreciative market in 1892, when Winchester brought out its brand-new, John-Browning-designed Model 1892 lever gun. See also Winchester. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". It does not store any personal data. It was followed in 1963 by the IBM 1302, with 4 times the capacity. Bellis, Mary. Additional drives can be connected to a controller to increase the data storage capacity. The 3340 was developed in San Jose under the leadership of Ken Haughton. The display of third-party trademarks and trade names on this site does not necessarily indicate any affiliation or the endorsement of PCMag. Winchester's fortunes however, began to decline during the 12th and 13th centuries as power and prestige gradually shifted to the new capital in London, including the relocation of the royal mint. In 1981, Sony introduced the first 3 1/2" floppy drives and diskettes. IBM first introduced it as a 8-in diskette in 1971. The structure of the software evolved from Gary Hornbuckle's 1968 paper "Multiprocessing Monitor for Small Machines" and from PDP8-based systems I worked on at Berkeley Scientific Laboratories (BSL) in the late 1960s. IBM. The nickname "floppy" came from the disk's flexibility. Until IBM introduced its disk-pack architecture in 1962, it was . They stored 400kb of data, and later 720K (double-density) and 1.44MB (high-density). IBM started using the 720 KB double density 3-inch microfloppy disk on its Convertible laptop computer in 1986 and the 1.44 MB high-density version with the IBM Personal System/2 (PS/2) line in 1987. The disk drive grabs the floppy by its center and spins it like a record inside its housing. What does Winchester disk actually mean? The IBM PC XT in 1983, included an internal standard 10MB hard disk drive and IBM's version of Xebec's hard disk drive controller, and soon thereafter internal hard disk drives proliferated on personal computers, one popular type was the ST506/ST412 hard drive and MFM interface. A floppy is a circle of magnetic material similar to other kinds of recording tape such as cassette tape, where one or two sides of the disk are used for recording. The 5150 "PC" wasn't IBM's first attempt at a compact, stand alone computer, although it is by far their most successful. Winchester disk IBM manufactured magnetic disk storage devices from 1956 to 2003, when it sold its hard disk drive business to Hitachi. In 1975, the model 5100 was an entirely self-contained, portable computer system - probably the first ever. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/invention-of-the-floppy-disk-1991405. Winchester Disk. The new Winchester hard disk drive was a revolutionary device, which revolutionised the way hard disks work and are built to the presence day. As opposed to other solutions, no new drive type or special software was required that impeded adoption, since all that was necessary was an already common USB port. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. How chemistry is important in our daily life? Disaster struck Winchester in 1348-49 when the Black Death arrived, brought in from mainland Europe by migrating Asian black rats. IBM 3340 direct access storage facility (Retrieved on 1.31.15 from. Hard drives continued to become smaller with the launch of the Integra Peripherals 1.8-inch disk in 1991 and the HP Kittyhawk 1.3-inch hard drive in 1992. 1950s 1970s - The contamination-free environment allows Winchester disks to employ much greater precision of data recording and accessing, resulting in greater density of data storage than the interchangeable disk packs. In 1973, Control Data Corporation introduced the first of its series of SMD disk drives using conventional disk pack technology. A fixed disk may also refer to the disk platter inside of a hard drive. In 1956, the first hard drive to be sold commercially was invented by IBM. 1990s computers become portable Its primary distinguishing feature was that the disk heads were not withdrawn completely from the stack of disk platters when the drive was powered down. 2022 TechnologyAdvice. The plague . | Next, Storage About the time the 3340 was introduced, IBM decided to move sales of disk packs and Data Modules from its Data Products Division (mainframes) to its Information Records The term later referred to all fixed hard disks because the heads and platters are always encased in the same, sealed unit. The trio just happened to be at a bar when Wang motioned to a drink napkin and stated "about that size," which happened to be 5 1/4-inches wide. Why is the hard disk referred to as a fixed drive? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. There was no cover to remove during the insertion process. In 1983, the first 3.5 inch hard drive was produced by Scottish company, Rodime. In 1994, the company Iomega introduced the first Zip drive. In 2003, the first serial ATA drive was produced by Seagate. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 05:17. Eventually that term fell out of favor for the easier to type "Hard Disk." The Winchester name came directly from the famous rifle, as IBM announced a 30 Meg removable over a 30 Meg sealed disk (presumably for backups) and called it a "30-30." So, this is a pre-Winchester "disk drive" posing next to its distant cousins. Since 1995, more than 100 tech experts and researchers have kept Webopedias definitions, articles, and study guides up to date. The same year, IBM sold its data storage division to Hitachi. 100 full pages Xebec S1410 5.25 inch Winchester Disk Controller Owner's Manual, 1983. Western Digital still manufactures its read-write head wafers in Fremont CA. First HDD with, 1991 IBM 0663 "Corsair" 1,004 megabytes, eight 3.5-inch disks; first HDD using, 1991 Integral Peripherals 1820 "Mustang" 21.4 megabytes, one 1.8-inch disk, first 1.8-inch HDD, 1992 Seagate ships the first 7,200-rpm hard drive, the Barracuda, 1994 IBM introduces Laser Textured Landing Zones (LZT), 1996 Seagate ships the first 10,000-rpm hard drive, the Cheetah, 1997 IBM Deskstar 16GB "Titan" 16,800 megabytes, five 3.5-inch disks; first (, 1997 Seagate introduces the first hard drive with fluid bearings, 1998 UltraDMA/33 and ATAPI standardized, 2000 Seagate ships the first 15,000-rpm hard drive, the Cheetah X15, 2004 MK2001MTN first 0.85-inch drive released by, 2005 Seagate introduces Tunnel MagnetoResistive Read Sensor (TMR) and Thermal Spacing Control, 2006 First 200 GB 2.5-inch hard drive utilizing, 2009 Western Digital ships first HDD with dual stage piezoelectric actuator, 2010 First hard drive manufactured by using the. Computer data was written to and read from the disk's surface. Introduced in 1973 as the model 3340, the drive had one permanent and one removable spindle, each holding 30MB. The term Winchester comes from an early . Winchester disk. Today, recordable CDs/DVDs, flash drives and cloud drives have since replaced floppies as the primary means of transporting files from one computer to another computer. The Zip Drive and Zip Disk. Here are a few highlights from the early years: Winchester entered the shotshell market in 1886 with Rival brand ammo in 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 gauge. July 1976}, {US 3,849,800 Magnetic disk apparatus. 1TB External Hard Drive is introduced. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site including, for example, the order in which they appear. An informal generic term for floating head magnetic disk drives in which the read-write head planes over the disk surface on an air cushion. reference room, Storage product The IBM3340 hard disk drive (HDD) that began shipping in November 1973 pioneered new low-cost, low-load, landing read/write heads with lubricated disks, and established what became the dominant HDD technology. There were some conditional commands (like IF DISK) for use in batch files. It held 5MB of data, at a cost of $10,000 per megabyte. As of May 2022, the largest hard drive is 26TB (while SSDs can be much bigger at 100TB, mainstream consumer SSDs cap at 8 TB). This hard drive weighed over 500 pounds and had a 2.5GB capacity. So, in effect, the first floppies were used to fill another type of data storage device. The 3340 featured a smaller, lighter read/write head that could ride closer to the disk surface -- on an air film 18 millionths of an inch thick -- with a load of less than 20 grams. It cost $40,000. 1 What is the primary feature of a Winchester disk? If you click an affiliate link and buy a product or service, we may be paid a fee by that merchant. This hard drive, shipped with the RAMAC 305 system, was the size of two refrigerators and weighed about a ton. Hungary, Russia). Hard disk drives where introduced by IBM in 1956, as stated on Wikipedia "HDDs were introduced in 1956 as data storage for an IBM real-time transaction processing computer" (Wikipedia). Most people use the C: drive for the Windows operating system and installing programs. What is also known as Winchester disk? ", 1-2 of The IBM 350 RAMAC Disk File, ASME Award, February 27, 1984. However, by the late 1980s, hard disk drives were standard on all but the cheapest PC and floppy disks were used almost solely as transport media. How to Free Up Space on Your iPhone or iPad, How to Save Money on Your Cell Phone Bill, How to Convert YouTube Videos to MP3 Files, How to Record the Screen on Your Windows PC or Mac. Advertise with TechnologyAdvice on Webopedia and our other IT-focused platforms. It was followed by the IBM 2311 (1964) using the IBM 1316 disk pack to store 5 megabyte, IBM 2314 (1965) using the IBM 2316 disk pack to store 29 megabytes, the IBM 3330 using 3336 disk packs to store 100 megabytes and the 3330-11 using the 3336-11 to store 200 megabytes. The term for hard disk drive. Winchester disk assemblies are put together in clean rooms so even microscopic dust particles do not get on the disk . This resulted in very significant savings and a large reduction of complexity of the head and arm actuating mechanism. During the mid-1990s the typical hard disk drive for a PC had a capacity of about 1 gigabyte. Capacities begin at 5 Mbytes to 900 Mbytes. Updates? [2] The disk drive created a new level in the computer data hierarchy, then termed Random Access Storage but today known as secondary storage, less expensive and slower than main memory (then typically drums and later core memory) but faster and more expensive than tape drives. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The IBM 1311 contained 6 disks and could hold 2.6MB of data. IBM 3340 Direct Access Storage Facility, 1973, https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_magnetic.html, http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_3340.html, IBM 3340 and 3350 Disk Drives Oral History Panel, Advanced ferrite disk heads oral history panel, Haughton, Ken (Kenneth E.) oral history, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Al+Shuqart+Remembers.-a059628939, Warner, M. Flying magnetic transducer assembly having three rails, Frush, Donald Irwin. . 1980s - The era of home computing Because of this 30/30 configuration, the code name Winchester was selected after the famous Winchester .30-30 rifle; subsequently the capacities were increased, but the code name stuck. In 1890 they introduced the .22 Winchester Rimfire cartridge (now obsolete). [9] A single head assembly having two heads was used for access to all the platters, yielding an average access time of just under 1 second. [58] All three remaining firms still have significant activities in Silicon Valley, but no HDD manufacturing. If they get scratched, you have to buy a new one.A compact disk was a great invention and still is. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Before the Winchester architecture, removable disks were like removable disks today, in which the read/write heads remain in the drive and make contact with the platter after the cartridge is inserted. 1980: The 5 1/2" Winchester disk drive floppy is created. How long is it safe to use nicotine lozenges? The IBM 3340 Direct Access Storage Facility, code-named Winchester, was introduced in March 1973 for use with IBM System/370. What equipment is necessary for safe securement for people who use their wheelchair as a vehicle seat? The SHIP utility is supplied so you can place the heads in your system over an unused portion of the Winchester disk. Since you probably have not altered the hard disk drive yourself due to the nature of your question, the D: drive is used by many manufacturers to serve as the recovery disks. It featured a smaller, lighter read/write head that was designed to ride on an air film only 18 millionths of an inch . The following interview was done with Richard Mateosian, who developed a floppy disk operating system for the first "floppies." The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Please be assured that any amount you feel able to donate will make an immediate and significant impact. It is based on the .375 H&H Magnum, which has been blown out . A disk pack is the core component of a hard disk drive. The very first small winchester disk drive was the ST-506 which boasted a generous 5 MB (five megabytes) of storage. [7] A variant, the IBM 355 Disk File, was simultaneously announced with the IBM RAM 650 computer,[8] an enhancement to the IBM 650. The name stuck in the USSR, Hungary and possibly other countries as an umbrella term for all hard drives; it is still in wide use today. The 3.5-inch disk drive had a capacity of 16.8GB. All Rights Reserved. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ThoughtCo. This rapidly became a standard design within the disk manufacturing community. The "Winchester" program pioneered the use of low cost, low-mass, low-load, landing heads with lubricated disks, becoming the dominant technology for at least . Although modern disk drives are faster and hold more data, the basic technology is the same, so Winchester has become synonymous with hard. Sony Electronics announces the 3.5 inch floppy disk and drive, double-sided, double . Educalingo cookies are used to personalize ads and get web traffic statistics. There are several different versions but the main version is DFS 0.90 for the Intel 8271 and DFS 2.10 for the WD1770. Wang wanted a smaller floppy disk and drive to use with their desktop computers. Find out inside PCMag's comprehensive tech and computer-related encyclopedia. Join our Mailing List by adding your email address below and be kept up to date with lots of information including: The Centre for Computing History | Registered Charity No: 1130071, Watford Electronics 3 Winchester Hard Drive. The ACB-4000A is a SCSI Winchester disk Controller that cont Home Support obsolete products ACB-4000A: ACB-4000A: The ACB-4000A is a SCSI Winchester disk Controller that controls two ST506/412 fixed and removable drives. In 1973, IBM introduced a new type of hard drive codenamed "Winchester." Its primary distinguishing feature was that the disk heads were not withdrawn completely from the stack . Manufacturing began in California's Silicon Valley in 1957 with IBM's production shipment of the first HDD, the IBM RAMAC 350. The first disk drive to use removable media was the IBM 1311 drive. You should read pages 2.5 to 2.7 of the Z-100 Series User's The first Shugart floppy held 100 KBs of data. and a mechanism for establishing a correspondence between these and the hardware devices. 1873. Alternatives such as Zip disks (discussed later), or transferring data via networks are making the low-capacity diskette become obsolete. IBM introduced the memory disk, or floppy disk, which was an 8-inch floppy plastic disk coated with iron oxide. Omissions? Hard drives are beginning to be replaced with solid sate drives in some laptops due to their higher speed and increased durability. Access time was 25 millisecond and data transferred at 885 kB/s. But it was clear that smaller Winchester storage systems were eclipsing large platter hard drives. The 1980s saw the minicomputer age plateau as PCs were introduced. 1862. The IBM 350 drive had fifty 24-inch (0.6m) platters, with a total capacity of five million 6-bit characters (3.75 megabytes). Winchester disk . The Acorn DFS was a sideways ROM which was fitted in one of the ROM sockets. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Al Shugart identified this new Winchester head as one of the four most significant developments in mass storage. From beginning and into the early 1980s manufacturing was mainly by US firms in the United States at locations such as Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, Minnesota and Oklahoma City. . 2021 20 TB HAMR drives were released in January 2021. A Winchester disk is a Disk Stack. A Winchester disk is a Disk Stack. . It was an 8-inch flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic iron oxide. It featured a smaller, lighter read/write head that was designed to ride on an air film only 18 millionths of an inch thick. The .300 Winchester Magnum (also known as .300 Win Mag) is a popular, belted, bottlenecked magnum rifle cartridge that was introduced by Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1963 as a member of the family of Winchester Magnum cartridges. 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